Subjects and lessons to explore.

Law

Anatomy, Physiology & Health Sciences

Anatomy and Physiology 2e

169 lessons · 1,383 glossary terms — Covers An Introduction to the Human Body, The Chemical Level of Organization and The Cellular Level of Organization, and 25 more chapters.

  • Lessons
  • Coming soon: Practice
  • Vocabulary
Learn Vocabulary

Choose a unit

An Introduction to the Human Body7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of Anatomy and Physiology
  2. Structural Organization of the Human Body
  3. Functions of Human Life
  4. Requirements for Human Life
  5. Homeostasis
  6. Anatomical Terminology
  7. Medical Imaging

The Chemical Level of Organization5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
  2. Chemical Bonds
  3. Chemical Reactions
  4. Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning
  5. Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning

The Cellular Level of Organization6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Cell Membrane
  2. The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles
  3. The Nucleus and DNA Replication
  4. Protein Synthesis
  5. Cell Growth and Division
  6. Cellular Differentiation

The Tissue Level of Organization6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Types of Tissues
  2. Epithelial Tissue
  3. Connective Tissue Supports and Protects
  4. Muscle Tissue and Motion
  5. Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Response
  6. Tissue Injury and Aging

The Integumentary System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Layers of the Skin
  2. Accessory Structures of the Skin
  3. Functions of the Integumentary System
  4. Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System

Bone Tissue and the Skeletal System7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Functions of the Skeletal System
  2. Bone Classification
  3. Bone Structure
  4. Bone Formation and Development
  5. Fractures: Bone Repair
  6. Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue
  7. Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems

Axial Skeleton5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Divisions of the Skeletal System
  2. The Skull
  3. The Vertebral Column
  4. The Thoracic Cage
  5. Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Pectoral Girdle
  2. Bones of the Upper Limb
  3. The Pelvic Girdle and Pelvis
  4. Bones of the Lower Limb
  5. Development of the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Classification of Joints
  2. Fibrous Joints
  3. Cartilaginous Joints
  4. Synovial Joints
  5. Types of Body Movements
  6. Anatomy of Selected Synovial Joints
  7. Development of Joints

Muscle Tissue9 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of Muscle Tissues
  2. Skeletal Muscle
  3. Muscle Fiber Contraction and Relaxation
  4. Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
  5. Types of Muscle Fibers
  6. Exercise and Muscle Performance
  7. Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  8. Smooth Muscle
  9. Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever Systems
  2. Naming Skeletal Muscles
  3. Axial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and Back
  4. Axial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall, and Thorax
  5. Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs
  6. Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs

The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Basic Structure and Function of the Nervous System
  2. Nervous Tissue
  3. The Function of Nervous Tissue
  4. The Action Potential
  5. Communication Between Neurons

Anatomy of the Nervous System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Embryologic Perspective
  2. The Central Nervous System
  3. Circulation and the Central Nervous System
  4. The Peripheral Nervous System

The Somatic Nervous System3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Sensory Perception
  2. Central Processing
  3. Motor Responses

The Autonomic Nervous System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System
  2. Autonomic Reflexes and Homeostasis
  3. Central Control
  4. Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System

The Neurological Exam5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of the Neurological Exam
  2. The Mental Status Exam
  3. The Cranial Nerve Exam
  4. The Sensory and Motor Exams
  5. The Coordination and Gait Exams

The Endocrine System11 lessons

Chapter page

  1. An Overview of the Endocrine System
  2. Hormones
  3. The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus
  4. The Thyroid Gland
  5. The Parathyroid Glands
  6. The Adrenal Glands
  7. The Pineal Gland
  8. Gonadal and Placental Hormones
  9. The Endocrine Pancreas
  10. Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions
  11. Development and Aging of the Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. An Overview of Blood
  2. Production of the Formed Elements
  3. Erythrocytes
  4. Leukocytes and Platelets
  5. Hemostasis
  6. Blood Typing

The Cardiovascular System: The Heart5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Heart Anatomy
  2. Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity
  3. Cardiac Cycle
  4. Cardiac Physiology
  5. Development of the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Structure and Function of Blood Vessels
  2. Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance
  3. Capillary Exchange
  4. Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System
  5. Circulatory Pathways
  6. Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation

The Lymphatic and Immune System7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems
  2. Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response
  3. The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types
  4. The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies
  5. The Immune Response against Pathogens
  6. Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses
  7. Transplantation and Cancer Immunology

The Respiratory System7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System
  2. The Lungs
  3. The Process of Breathing
  4. Gas Exchange
  5. Transport of Gases
  6. Modifications in Respiratory Functions
  7. Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System

The Digestive System7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of the Digestive System
  2. Digestive System Processes and Regulation
  3. The Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus
  4. The Stomach
  5. The Small and Large Intestines
  6. Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder
  7. Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look

Metabolism and Nutrition7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of Metabolic Reactions
  2. Carbohydrate Metabolism
  3. Lipid Metabolism
  4. Protein Metabolism
  5. Metabolic States of the Body
  6. Energy and Heat Balance
  7. Nutrition and Diet

The Urinary System10 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Physical Characteristics of Urine
  2. Gross Anatomy of Urine Transport
  3. Gross Anatomy of the Kidney
  4. Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney
  5. Physiology of Urine Formation
  6. Tubular Reabsorption
  7. Regulation of Renal Blood Flow
  8. Endocrine Regulation of Kidney Function
  9. Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition
  10. The Urinary System and Homeostasis

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Body Fluids and Fluid Compartments
  2. Water Balance
  3. Electrolyte Balance
  4. Acid-Base Balance
  5. Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Testicular Reproductive System
  2. Anatomy and Physiology of the Ovarian Reproductive System
  3. Development of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems

Development and Inheritance7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Fertilization
  2. Embryonic Development
  3. Fetal Development
  4. Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth
  5. Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages
  6. Lactation
  7. Patterns of Inheritance