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Law

Life Sciences

Biology for AP Courses

167 lessons · 1,385 glossary terms — Covers The Study of Life, The Chemical Foundation of Life and Biological Macromolecules, and 35 more chapters.

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The Study of Life2 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Science of Biology
  2. Themes and Concepts of Biology

The Chemical Foundation of Life3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
  2. Water
  3. Carbon

Biological Macromolecules5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
  2. Carbohydrates
  3. Lipids
  4. Proteins
  5. Nucleic Acids

Cell Structure6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Studying Cells
  2. Prokaryotic Cells
  3. Eukaryotic Cells
  4. The Endomembrane System and Proteins
  5. Cytoskeleton
  6. Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities

Structure and Function of Plasma Membranes4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Components and Structure
  2. Passive Transport
  3. Active Transport
  4. Bulk Transport

Metabolism5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Energy and Metabolism
  2. Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
  3. The Laws of Thermodynamics
  4. ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
  5. Enzymes

Cellular Respiration7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Energy in Living Systems
  2. Glycolysis
  3. Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
  4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
  5. Metabolism without Oxygen
  6. Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways
  7. Regulation of Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of Photosynthesis
  2. The Light-Dependent Reaction of Photosynthesis
  3. Using Light to Make Organic Molecules

Cell Communication4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Signaling Molecules and Cellular Receptors
  2. Propagation of the Signal
  3. Response to the Signal
  4. Signaling in Single-Celled Organisms

Cell Reproduction5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Cell Division
  2. The Cell Cycle
  3. Control of the Cell Cycle
  4. Cancer and the Cell Cycle
  5. Prokaryotic Cell Division

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction2 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Process of Meiosis
  2. Sexual Reproduction

Mendel's Experiments and Heredity3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
  2. Characteristics and Traits
  3. Laws of Inheritance

Modern Understandings of Inheritance2 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkages
  2. Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders

DNA Structure and Function6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
  2. DNA Structure and Sequencing
  3. Basics of DNA Replication
  4. DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
  5. DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
  6. DNA Repair

Genes and Proteins5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Genetic Code
  2. Prokaryotic Transcription
  3. Eukaryotic Transcription
  4. RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
  5. Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis

Gene Regulation7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Regulation of Gene Expression
  2. Prokaryotic Gene Regulation
  3. Eukaryotic Epigenetic Gene Regulation
  4. Eukaryotic Transcriptional Gene Regulation
  5. Eukaryotic Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation
  6. Eukaryotic Translational and Post-translational Gene Regulation
  7. Cancer and Gene Regulation

Biotechnology and Genomics5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Biotechnology
  2. Mapping Genomes
  3. Whole-Genome Sequencing
  4. Applying Genomics
  5. Genomics and Proteomics

Evolution and Origin of Species3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Understanding Evolution
  2. Formation of New Species
  3. Reconnection and Rates of Speciation

The Evolution of Populations3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Population Evolution
  2. Population Genetics
  3. Adaptive Evolution

Phylogenies and the History of Life3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Organizing Life on Earth
  2. Determining Evolutionary Relationships
  3. Perspectives on the Phylogenetic Tree

Viruses4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Viral Evolution, Morphology, and Classification
  2. Virus Infection and Hosts
  3. Prevention and Treatment of Viral Infections
  4. Other Acellular Entities: Prions and Viroids

Prokaryotes: Bacteria and Archaea5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Prokaryotic Diversity
  2. Structure of Prokaryotes
  3. Prokaryotic Metabolism
  4. Bacterial Diseases in Humans
  5. Beneficial Prokaryotes

Plant Form and Physiology6 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Plant Body
  2. Stems
  3. Roots
  4. Leaves
  5. Transport of Water and Solutes in Plants
  6. Plant Sensory Systems and Responses

The Animal Body: Basic Form and Function3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Animal Form and Function
  2. Animal Primary Tissues
  3. Homeostasis

Animal Nutrition and the Digestive System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Digestive Systems
  2. Nutrition and Energy Production
  3. Digestive System Processes
  4. Digestive System Regulation

The Nervous System5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Neurons and Glial Cells
  2. How Neurons Communicate
  3. The Central Nervous System
  4. The Peripheral Nervous System
  5. Nervous System Disorders

Sensory Systems5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Sensory Processes
  2. Somatosensation
  3. Taste and Smell
  4. Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
  5. Vision

The Endocrine System5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Types of Hormones
  2. How Hormones Work
  3. Regulation of Body Processes
  4. Regulation of Hormone Production
  5. Endocrine Glands

The Musculoskeletal System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Types of Skeletal Systems
  2. Bone
  3. Joints and Skeletal Movement
  4. Muscle Contraction and Locomotion

The Respiratory System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Systems of Gas Exchange
  2. Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
  3. Breathing
  4. Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids

The Circulatory System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Overview of the Circulatory System
  2. Components of the Blood
  3. Mammalian Heart and Blood Vessels
  4. Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation

Osmotic Regulation and Excretion5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
  2. The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
  3. Excretion Systems
  4. Nitrogenous Wastes
  5. Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions

The Immune System4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Innate Immune Response
  2. Adaptive Immune Response
  3. Antibodies
  4. Disruptions in the Immune System

Animal Reproduction and Development7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Reproduction Methods
  2. Fertilization
  3. Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis
  4. Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
  5. Fertilization and Early Embryonic Development
  6. Organogenesis and Vertebrate Axis Formation
  7. Human Pregnancy and Birth

Ecology and the Biosphere5 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Scope of Ecology
  2. Biogeography
  3. Terrestrial Biomes
  4. Aquatic Biomes
  5. Climate and the Effects of Global Climate Change

Population and Community Ecology7 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Population Demography
  2. Life Histories and Natural Selection
  3. Environmental Limits to Population Growth
  4. Population Dynamics and Regulation
  5. Human Population Growth
  6. Community Ecology
  7. Behavioral Biology: Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior

Ecosystems3 lessons

Chapter page

  1. Ecology for Ecosystems
  2. Energy Flow through Ecosystems
  3. Biogeochemical Cycles

Conservation Biology and Biodiversity4 lessons

Chapter page

  1. The Biodiversity Crisis
  2. The Importance of Biodiversity to Human Life
  3. Threats to Biodiversity
  4. Preserving Biodiversity